CHINESE-FOOD 操作指南

中国美食指南——中国最著名城市的特色美食（一）

Easy ⏱ 6 min read

🍜 Food Guide

China Food Guide Part 1: Dietary Guide & Iconic City Dishes

Vegetarian, Halal & No Restrictions — The Essential Guide to Eating in China

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✨ Overview & Essential Brief: China’s food culture varies dramatically by region. A dish you eat in Beijing will taste completely different from its southern cousin. This guide organizes China’s most famous city foods into three dietary categories, so you can plan what to eat before you arrive. From Peking Duck to Xiaolongbao, from Mapo Tofu to Lanzhou Beef Noodles — this is your complete culinary roadmap.

🌿 How to Use This Guide

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Vegetarian / Vegan

No meat or fish

Dishes made without meat, poultry, or seafood. Always double-check — many Chinese vegetable dishes are cooked in pork or chicken broth. Say “wǒ chī sù” (我吃素) to indicate vegetarian, or “quán sù” (全素) for strictly vegan.

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Halal / No Pork

Beef, lamb, chicken & seafood

China has a large Hui Muslim population. Cities like Xi’an, Lanzhou, and Urumqi have extensive halal food streets. Look for the 清真 (qīngzhēn) sign, which means halal.

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No Restrictions

All ingredients, full experience

The full Chinese food experience — pork, offal, seafood, everything. Chinese cuisine uses pork extensively as a base flavoring, so dishes may contain pork even when not the main ingredient.

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Useful Phrases:

“wǒ chī sù” (我吃素) — I am vegetarian
“bù chī zhū ròu” (不吃猪肉) — I don’t eat pork
“qīngzhēn” (清真) — Halal certified
“wǒ duì ___ guòmǐn” (我对___过敏) — I am allergic to ___

🌱 Part 1 — Vegetarian & Vegan-Friendly Dishes

China is not traditionally a vegetarian-friendly country — pork is used as a background flavoring in many ‘vegetable’ dishes. However, Buddhist cuisine (zhāi cài, 斋菜) has a long history in China, and cities like Hangzhou, Suzhou, and Chengdu offer excellent plant-based options. Always specify 全素 (quán sù) for strictly vegan dishes.

Dish	City	Description	Price (CNY)
Scallion Oil Pancake 葱油饼 Cōngyóubǐng	Shanghai / Nationwide	Crispy layered flatbread with fragrant scallion oil. Made fresh on griddles. Vegetarian when no lard is used — ask to confirm.	¥3–¥8
Mapo Tofu (veg version) 麻婆豆腐 Mápó dòufu	Chengdu / Sichuan	Silken tofu in a numbing-spicy sauce. Traditional version has minced pork — request the vegetarian version (素麻婆豆腐). Bold, warming, addictive.	¥15–¥30
Buddha’s Delight 罗汉斋 Luóhán zhāi	Hangzhou / Suzhou / Fujian	Classic Buddhist vegetarian dish with wood ear mushrooms, tofu skin, lotus root, lily buds, and glass noodles. Rich umami from fermented sauces. Often served at temple restaurants.	¥20–¥45
Egg Bing (Jianbing) 鸡蛋煎饼 Jīdàn jiānbǐng	Beijing / Tianjin / Nationwide	Thin crepe cooked with egg, scallions, sesame, hoisin, and chilli sauce, folded around a crispy wonton cracker. No meat in the base version — a perfect vegetarian breakfast.	¥7–¥15
Stir-fried Wood Ear Mushrooms 木耳炒山药 Mù’ěr chǎo shānyào	Sichuan / Nationwide	Black wood ear mushrooms with yam, chilli and garlic. Crunchy, earthy, intensely satisfying. Naturally vegan.	¥12–¥25
Vegetable Dumplings 素饺子 Sù jiǎozi	Beijing / Shandong / Nationwide	Dumplings stuffed with chive, egg, glass noodles, or mixed vegetables. Confirm no pork broth in cooking water.	¥10–¥25
Deep-fried Stinky Tofu 臭豆腐 Chòu dòufu	Changsha / Shaoxing	Fermented tofu deep-fried until crispy outside, custardy inside. The smell is extreme — the taste is extraordinary. A must-try for adventurous vegetarians. Vegan-friendly.	¥5–¥12
Taro Cake 芋头糕 Yùtou gāo	Guangzhou / Hong Kong	Steamed cake made from taro, rice flour, dried shrimp optional. Request the plain vegetarian version (素芋头糕). Dense, savoury, with a beautiful purple tint.	¥8–¥18
Rice Porridge / Congee 白粥 Bái zhōu	Guangzhou / Guangdong / Nationwide	Plain rice porridge — the purest comfort food. Naturally vegan. Add pickled vegetables or tofu for flavour. A Guangdong breakfast staple.	¥5–¥15

📸 Vegetarian Specialties (Click to Enlarge)

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Tip: In Hangzhou, visit the Buddhist vegetarian restaurant inside Lingyin Temple (灵隐素斋) for some of the finest plant-based cuisine in China.

In Chengdu, ‘veggie’ (素) versions of most Sichuan classics are available — just ask. The Tibetan Quarter near Wuhou Shrine also has excellent vegan options.

Shanghai’s Former French Concession area has several dedicated vegetarian restaurants with English menus.

☪️ Part 2 — Halal / No Pork Dishes

China has a Muslim population of around 20–25 million, predominantly the Hui ethnic group, spread across Gansu, Ningxia, Xinjiang, Qinghai, and Yunnan. Halal food (清真食品, qīngzhēn shípǐn) is widely available in cities with Hui communities. Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter is the most famous halal food destination in China for visitors.

Dish	City	Description	Price (CNY)
Roujiamo — Beef / Lamb 肉夹馍 Ròujiāmó	Xi’an (Shaanxi)	China’s original ‘sandwich’ — slow-braised beef or lamb stuffed into a baked flatbread. Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter serves the halal beef & lamb version. One of China’s greatest street foods.	¥10–¥20
Lanzhou Beef Noodles 兰州牛肉拉面 Lánzhōu niúròu lāmiàn	Lanzhou / Nationwide	Hand-pulled wheat noodles in a clear beef broth with sliced beef, white radish, and chilli oil. The gold standard of Chinese noodle soups. Served at halal noodle shops across China.	¥10–¥20
Lamb Skewers 羊肉串 Yángròu chuàn	Xi’an / Xinjiang / Nationwide	Seasoned lamb on bamboo skewers, grilled over charcoal with cumin, chilli, and sesame. The signature street food of Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter and Xinjiang. Juicy, smoky, deeply satisfying.	¥3–¥8 each
Yangrou Paomo 羊肉泡馍 Yángròu pàomó	Xi’an (Shaanxi)	Crispy flatbread torn into pieces and soaked in a rich lamb broth with vermicelli and lamb chunks. You tear the bread yourself at the table. A complete, warming meal unique to Xi’an.	¥30–¥60
Steamed Beef Dumplings 牛肉蒸饺 Niúròu zhēng jiǎo	Xi’an / Shandong	Beef and chive or beef and celery dumplings, steamed or pan-fried. Found at halal restaurants. Lighter than the pork version, cleaner flavour.	¥15–¥30
Braised Beef (Halal) 卤牛肉 Lǔ niúròu	Nationwide	Beef slow-braised in soy sauce, star anise, cassia bark and sugar until meltingly tender. Served sliced cold as a starter or hot over rice. Widely available at halal restaurants.	¥20–¥45
Hand-grabbed Lamb Rice 手抓饭 Shǒuzhuā fàn	Xinjiang / Urumqi	Xinjiang-style pilaf: rice cooked with lamb, carrots, onion, and raisins in lamb fat and spices. One of China’s most satisfying one-bowl meals. The dish of the Uyghur people.	¥20–¥40
Grilled Lamb Chops (Xinjiang) 新疆烤羊排 Xīnjiāng kǎo yángpái	Xinjiang Restaurants	Lamb rack marinated in cumin, chilli and garlic, grilled over charcoal. Bone-in, aromatic, boldly spiced. A carnivore’s dream.	¥40–¥80
Grilled Whole Fish 烤鱼 Kǎo yú	Chongqing / Nationwide	Whole fish grilled then braised in chilli, doubanjiang, and aromatics. Seafood is generally halal — confirm the restaurant doesn’t use lard.	¥40–¥100
Nanjing Duck Soup 鸭血粉丝汤 Yā xuè fěnsī tāng	Nanjing	⚠️ Contains duck blood and offal. Listed for completeness — halal travelers should stick to the plain duck soup version (鸭汤) without blood.	¥10–¥20

📸 Halal Specialties (Click to Enlarge)

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Tip: Xi’an’s Muslim Quarter (回民街, Huímín Jiē) is the single best halal food destination in China. Over 200 halal stalls and restaurants in one district. Visit in the evening for the full atmosphere.

Look for the Arabic crescent moon and the characters 清真 on restaurant signs — this indicates certified halal food.

Lanzhou beef noodle restaurants (兰州拉面) are found in virtually every city in China and are a reliable halal option anywhere.

🍖 Part 3 — Iconic City Dishes (No Restrictions)

These are the iconic dishes that define Chinese food culture — the meals people travel across the country to eat, the flavors that appear on every ‘best of China’ list, and the foods that will give you the deepest connection to each city’s culinary identity. Many contain pork, mixed proteins, or broths made from multiple meat sources.

🏛️ Beijing — Imperial Capital Cuisine

Beijing food is hearty, savory, and influenced by centuries of imperial court cooking. The dominant flavors are soy sauce, sesame, and fermented bean paste. Lamb is also prominent due to northern China’s proximity to Inner Mongolia.

Dish	Description	Must Try At	Price
Peking Roast Duck 北京烤鸭	The most famous dish in China. Duck slow-roasted in a wood-fired oven until the skin is lacquered and crackling. Served with thin pancakes, spring onion, cucumber, and sweet bean sauce. Ritual eating — not just food.	Quanjude / Dadong	¥200–¥400/duck
Jianbing 煎饼果子	Beijing’s iconic street breakfast: thin egg crepe, sesame, scallion, hoisin, chilli, and a crispy fried wonton cracker. Assembled in under 3 minutes. The soul of Beijing mornings.	Street vendors citywide	¥8–¥15
Candied Hawthorn Skewers 冰糖葫芦	Clusters of hawthorn berries dipped in crackling toffee glaze on a bamboo stick. Tart, crunchy, beautiful. A Beijing winter tradition dating to the Song Dynasty.	Wangfujing / Houhai	¥5–¥15
Mongolian Hotpot 铜锅涮肉	Paper-thin slices of lamb and beef cooked in a copper pot of boiling broth, dipped in sesame sauce with garlic and chilli. Simpler than Sichuan, more focused on meat quality.	Niujie area	¥80–¥180/person
Zhajiangmian 炸酱面	Beijing noodles tossed with a rich pork and fermented soybean paste sauce, topped with raw cucumber, radish, and bean sprouts. The city’s most beloved everyday noodle.	Any local noodle shop	¥15–¥30

📸 Beijing Specialties (Click to Enlarge)

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🌊 Shanghai — Sweet-Savory Coastal Cuisine

Shanghai cuisine (本帮菜, Běnbāng cài) is characterized by a sweet-savory balance using soy sauce, sugar, and Shaoxing wine. The city is also one of the world’s great soup dumpling destinations.

Dish	Description	Must Try At	Price
Xiaolongbao 小笼包	Shanghai’s most famous export — delicate steamed dumplings with pork filling and a spoonful of hot savory soup inside. With ginger-vinegar dipping sauce.	Din Tai Fung / Jia Jia Tang Bao	¥25–¥45/basket
Shengjianbao 生煎包	Pan-fried soup dumplings — thicker dough, crispy bottom, juicy pork filling and broth inside. Messier and more satisfying than xiaolongbao.	Yang’s Dumplings (小杨生煎)	¥10–¥20/4 pieces
Scallion Oil Noodles 葱油拌面	Cold wheat noodles tossed with caramelized scallion oil, soy sauce, and sugar. Deceptively simple — the quality of the scallion oil defines everything.	Any local noodle shop	¥12–¥20
Hairy Crab 大闸蟹	Available Sept–Dec. Freshwater crabs steamed whole, eaten with ginger-vinegar dipping sauce. A Shanghai autumn ritual.	Yangcheng Lake restaurants	¥80–¥300 each
Red-Braised Pork Belly 红烧肉	Pork belly slow-cooked in soy sauce, Shaoxing wine, rock sugar, and spices until caramelized and meltingly tender. The soy-sweet sauce defines Shanghai cooking.	Fu 1039 / local restaurants	¥35–¥65

📸 Shanghai Specialties (Click to Enlarge)

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📥 Download Complete PDF Manual

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